Cusco, located in the southeastern Andes of Peru, is one of the country's most historically significant and picturesque cities. It was once the capital of the vast Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Today, Cusco is celebrated as a UNESCO World Heritage site and serves as the gateway to Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley. The city seamlessly blends ancient Incan stonework with Spanish colonial architecture, offering visitors a unique cultural experience.
At an elevation of about 3,400 meters (11,200 feet), Cusco is surrounded by scenic mountain landscapes, traditional villages, and remarkable archaeological sites. Beyond its rich history, Cusco is a lively destination filled with colorful festivals, local markets, and delicious Andean cuisine. It remains a favorite destination for history enthusiasts, nature lovers, and travelers seeking to experience Peru's indigenous heritage.
Here are some highlights of what to do in the city:
1. Explore the Plaza de Armas — Cusco's main square is the heart of the city and a perfect starting point for visitors. Surrounded by colonial arcades, churches, and cafes, the plaza is a lively spot for people-watching and local celebrations. Key landmarks include the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of the Society of Jesus.
2. Visit the Sacsayhuamán Fortress — Just a short hike from the city center, this impressive Inca fortress is known for its massive stone walls made of precisely cut boulders. The site also offers panoramic views of Cusco and is a popular spot for the annual Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun) celebration.
3. Discover the Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun) — Once the most important temple of the Inca Empire, Qorikancha was dedicated to Inti, the sun god. Although much of the original Incan structure was destroyed by the Spanish, the site remains an incredible example of Incan stone masonry combined with colonial architecture from the Santo Domingo Convent.
4. Shop at San Pedro Market — This bustling local market is perfect for experiencing Cusco's vibrant daily life. Visitors can browse stalls selling fresh produce, handmade textiles, souvenirs, and traditional Andean foods. It's a great spot to try local snacks and interact with local artisans.
5. Take a Day Trip to the Sacred Valley — The Sacred Valley, located just outside Cusco, is home to charming villages, terraced hillsides, and ancient Inca sites like Pisac and Ollantaytambo. The region is also famous for traditional markets, scenic views, and adventure activities such as hiking and rafting.
6. Enjoy Traditional Peruvian Cuisine — Cusco is known for its hearty Andean dishes. Popular local specialties include alpaca steak, cuy (guinea pig), quinoa soup, and chicha morada, a traditional drink made from purple corn. Many restaurants in Cusco also offer panoramic views of the city alongside their meals.
Cusco is also the gateway to the world-famous Machu Picchu. Most travelers begin their journey to the ancient Inca citadel from Cusco, either by train or by embarking on popular treks like the Inca Trail. The city's close proximity to this Wonder of the World makes it a central hub for adventure seekers and history enthusiasts alike.
If you're planning a visit to Machu Picchu, start by checking out our Destinations page or go directly to the Machu Picchu page to learn more.
